Here's how rising air pollution is likely affecting your health

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TODAY:

• Air pollution is having a direct effect on health and life expectancy around the world, according to a slew of new studies.
• Boeing has been scrambling to complete technical fixes for the 737 Max airliner in the wake of two disastrous crashes, but the company's most difficult problem could be with passengers.
• The non-stop demands of modern jobs can be a recipe for burnout, but there are smart people figuring out how we can prevent that from happening.
• Missed The National last night? Watch it here.

Air pollution's rising risks

Air pollution is one of the world's biggest killers, responsible for more deaths each year than malnutrition, malaria, AIDS, or alcohol and drug abuse.

And a spate of new studies suggest that our problems with unhealthy air are more pernicious and persistent than previously understood.

Today, the American Lung Association released its annual State of the Air report, finding that 43 per cent of U.S. residents — some 141 million people — now live in areas where poor air quality regularly risks damaging their health. That's seven million more people than in the group's last survey.

In places like California — the state that is home to seven of the nation's 10 smoggiest cities — the major driver of air pollution continues to be car and truck traffic, with the rapidly increasing population overwhelming even the most stringent environmental regulations.

Global warming is now also a big factor, creating more hot, dead air days and larger wildfires.

And perhaps most worryingly, only six U.S. metro areas recorded no unhealthy smog or soot days: Bangor, Maine; Burlington, Vt.; Lincoln, Neb.; Wilmington, N.C.; Melbourne, Fla.; and Honolulu, Hawaii.

Overall, the World Health Organization now estimates that 75 per cent of the Earth's population — 5.5 billion people — live in areas where particulate pollution exceeds safety guidelines.

And bad air is understood to be shortening life spans in all sorts of ways.

A recent NASA study used satellite data to model particulate pollution in Africa and concluded that it causes 780,000 premature deaths each year on the continent. The majority of those — 556,000 — are attributed to dust from Sahara Desert storms, but industrial emissions are believed to cause 182,000 deaths, and smoke from cooking and heating fires another 43,000.

In South Asian countries  like India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, where air pollution is the most acute, the life expectancy for a child born today is 30 months shorter than in clean air zones.

Air pollution in Canada is now believed to shave three months off a newborn's life expectancy.

Car and truck traffic is being blamed for 4 million new cases of childhood asthma each year worldwide, or roughly 11,000 each day. The study, published earlier this month in the Lancet Planetary Health journal, crunched data from 194 nations and found that per capita, Canada had the third-highest rate of new traffic-related asthma cases, behind China and India.

Researchers at the University of Aberdeen recently reviewed more than a decade of studies and concluded that air pollution has a bigger effect on fetal growth than alcohol, chemical exposure or a poor diet.

Poor-quality air significantly increases the risks of hospitalization for young cancer patients.

It has also been linked to spikes in London, England's crime rate, with incidents of less severe offences like shoplifting and pickpocketing up almost 8.5 per cent on the city's most polluted days, regardless of the wealth of the neighbourhood. (Assault, rape and murder rates don't seem to change with the air quality.)

And another U.K.-wide study found that teenagers who live in the country's smoggiest areas have almost twice the rate of reported  psychotic  experiences compared to their peers in less-polluted zones. (The researchers are careful to note that they haven't established a causal relation — other factors associated with traffic, like noise, could be the trigger.)

All just the latest additions to 25-years of peer-reviewed research on the dangers of air pollution.

Which makes an editorial published today in the journal Nature  all the more noteworthy.

The publication warns of a growing scepticism about the effects of air pollution in places like Germany, Poland, India and above-all the United States.

Efforts by government and industry to weaken air-quality standards are now themselves a threat to public health, says the journal.

"Environmental regulations to curb air pollution impose steep costs on a variety of industries, but questioning the evidence won't make it go away," the authors write. "Now is not the time to undermine efforts to clean air — it is time to strengthen them."

Fixing the 737 Max

Boeing has been scrambling to complete technical fixes for the 737 Max airliner and new training for pilots in the wake of two disastrous crashes, but the really difficult problem could be the damage to public confidence in the plane, reporter David Common writes.

Henry Harteveldt doesn't mince words.

"Passengers are afraid of this airplane," says the long-time aviation analyst.

"I haven't seen anything like this in decades, in terms of consumer fear and desire to avoid flying on the 737 Max."

After two crashes within a few months of each other that killed everyone onboard, where pilots seem to have struggled with the same problem before their planes nose-dived into the ground, regulators around the world ordered the 737 Max grounded.

The aviation giant has changed the plane's software, altered the cockpit, conducted more than 130 test flights, designed a new pilot training regime, and seems to be on track to have the latest variant of its workhorse passenger jet back in the air over the summer.

Convincing passengers the 737 Max is safe, however, will be a harder fix.

Airlines are worried the planes already in their fleets or on order will scare the flying public.

So Boeing will likely do something it's never had to before: speak directly to those passengers. It's expected to launch an extensive and expensive social and traditional media campaign to win back passengers.

"It's bringing journalists and analysts and influencers into Boeing," says Hertveldt, "take them on test flights, let them interview Boeing engineers and test pilots."

Convincing those passengers is key to restoring commercial success for the 737 Max. What was Boeing's fastest selling aircraft ever hasn't sold a single plane since the latest crash in March.

- David Common

• READ: How Boeing is handling its 737 Max problem
• WATCH: The story about the future of the 737 Max tonight on The National on CBC Television and streamed online

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Battling burnout

The non-stop demands of modern jobs can be a recipe for burnout, but there are ideas for preventing that from happening, producer Tarannum Kamlani writes.

Stress at work seems to be on everyone's mind these days, especially since the ground beneath our feet seems to be shifting constantly.

How we work. When we work. Where we work. Why we work.

We've explored all these issues on The National this week. Tonight we're taking a different angle: how do we build a better, modern work culture that will head off burnout?

Joining Andrew Chang in The National's studio are three people who have put some serious thought into the subject.

Jay Goldman is the managing director of Klick, one of the world's most successful independent health care marketing agencies. Klick has been recognized as a Best Managed Company for 11 years in a row by Deloitte, and has been part of their "Best Managed Companies' Platinum Club" for the past five consecutive years. Goldman is also the co-author of The Decoded Company: Know Your Talent Better Than Your Customers.

Krystyn Harrison is the CEO and founder of Prosper, a coaching service that helps people navigate the world of work.

Sunil Johal is the policy director at the University of Toronto's Mowat Centre, and chair of the Expert Panel on Modern Labour Standards established by the Federal Minister of Labour.

Hope you'll watch!

- Tarannum Kamlani

• WATCH: The National's special panel on work culture, tonight on CBC Television and streamed online

More from The National's series on work in Canada:

• READ: Loneliness, depression a risk for those working at home
• READ: The health effects of working overnight
• WATCH: Health perils of shift-work
• READ: Modern work pressures distort our very identities
• WATCH: Rahaf Harfoush on workplace burnout

A few words on ... 

Curling's sunbelt expansion strategy.

Quote of the moment

"With all of our assets and talents, Scotland should be a thriving and driving force within Europe. Instead, we face being forced to the margins – sidelined within a U.K. that is, itself, increasingly sidelined on the international stage. Independence, by contrast, would allow us to protect our place in Europe."

- Nicola Sturgeon, Scotland's first minister, outlines her plan to hold another independence referendum by the spring of 2021.

What The National is reading

• Death toll rises to 359 in Sri Lanka bombings, more arrests made (CBC)
• WHO recommends no screen time — at all — for kids under 1 (Washington Post)
• Hong Kong court hands Umbrella Revolution leaders 16 months in jail (South China Morning Post)
• UN report: Afghan security forces, NATO kill more civilians than Taliban (Deutsche Welle)
• Canadian trucker linked to El Chapo to face U.S. drug charges (National Post)
• Google's Wing Aviation gets OK for drone deliveries in U.S. (CBC)
• Anthrax, toxic algae suspected in death of 20 hippos at Ethiopian park (Africanews)
• Dutch fence off tulip fields to stop the selfie crush (Guardian)

Today in history

April 24, 1966: Marcel Duchamp on Dadaism and other art

The French-born artist spent the latter decades of his life focused on his chess game, but people were still keen to know what one of the fathers of the Dada movement thought of more modern art.

Marcel Duchamp on Dadaism and other art

59 years ago

Duration 23:09

The artist talks to William Ronald for CBC's The Umbrella in 1966.

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