British Columbia

First Nations group criticizes federal fisheries department

The First Nations Wild Salmon Alliance says the Department of Fisheries and Oceans is mired in conflict of interest stemming from its dual role, which the group's chairman Bob Chamberlin described as like "marking your own homework."

Department of Fisheries and Oceans says its process is guided by scientific integrity

An Indigenous man gestures as he speaks at a podium.
Bob Chamberlin, chair of the First Nations Wild Salmon Alliance, speaks in Ottawa last November. Chamberlin and the alliance have claimed the Department of Fisheries and Oceans is mired in conflict of interest. (Spencer Colby/The Canadian Press)

An Indigenous-led group is criticizing what it says is the "gross mismanagement" of aquaculture in British Columbia by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), as it calls for a separation of its regulatory and promotional responsibilities.

The First Nations Wild Salmon Alliance says the department is mired in conflict of interest stemming from its dual role, which the group's chairman Bob Chamberlin described as like "marking your own homework."

Chamberlin says the group wants the department to stick to its primary obligation of looking after the environment and fisheries, and to implement "a truly independent" scientific body to help inform government decisions affecting marine life in B.C.

A spokesperson for the DFO said in a statement that scientific integrity guides and shapes how it generates advice to inform decision making, including through impartial peer review.

A closeup of a fish being held by a person with gloves.
An Atlantic salmon is seen during a Department of Fisheries and Oceans fish health audit at the Okisollo fish farm near Campbell River, B.C. Wednesday, Oct. 31, 2018. (Jonathan Hayward/The Canadian Press)

"DFO continues to engage with our partners and stakeholders on the development of a responsible plan to transition from open net-pen salmon farming in coastal British Columbia waters by 2025," said spokesperson Kathryn Hallett.

"Consultations are ongoing with First Nations, the province of B.C., industry, ENGOs, and British Columbians." 

She said the goal is for the fish and seafood farming industries to operate responsibly and sustainably in a way that conserves the aquatic ecosystem for the future.

A man holds up a giant fish near a bucket on a walkway in an open fish farm.
The industry is set for a transition away from open net salmon farms by next year. (Jonathan Hayward/The Canadian Press)

Chamberlin and the alliance have been vocal critics of federal policy on fisheries in B.C., including what he says is industry involvement in the reports by the Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat on issues such as fish farming's risk to wild salmon stocks.

Chamberlin says such participation in the scientific reports results in a "predetermined" outcome that would benefit industry.

"In conclusion, we need to fix the current [Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat] process, which is run by DFO and entwined with the management preferences, influences and aspirations of the department," Chamberlin said during a briefing in Ottawa.

"Based on our considerable professional experience, I reiterate that Canada should implement a truly independent science advice body to directly advise decision-makers and recommend further research without being subjected to vested interests inside or outside of DFO."

Other scientists have also raised the question of whether the secretariat process is truly evidence-based and transparent in the past.

A peer-reviewed paper from Pacific Salmon Foundation researchers last year also claims the department's aquaculture management is not impartial in nature and can be influenced by vested interests.

"The issues with DFO science advice are not due to isolated lapses, but are instead structural ... and beyond the reach of incremental corrective measures," the paper reads.

Salmon farmers' association pushes back

Brian Kingzett, the executive director of the B.C. Salmon Farmers' Association, rejected the notion that the DFO was in a conflict of interest.

"The Fisheries and Oceans Canada process has very respected scientists," he told CBC News. "They're regulating stakeholders, they consult stakeholders because there's a lot of input to be gained.

"[The alliance's allegation] is a difficult argument to hear in the public sphere, especially when it is affecting something as important as the salmon farming industry in British Columbia."

Kingzett said he doesn't disagree that decision-making around salmon farming should be guided by science, and there was certainly room for improvement at the DFO when it came to bringing in other international experts for its reports.

He said the secretariat's latest evaluations have found salmon farming in B.C. to be of "minimal risk" to wild salmon, though the Wild Salmon Alliance has long claimed the industry is causing pollutants, pathogens and parasites along salmon migration routes.

"I think that this issue of, you know, one group feeling their science should be listened to over another's is inappropriate," Kingzett said.

He added that all farms in B.C. have agreements or established partnerships with First Nations in whose territories they operate. 

With files from Akshay Kulkarni